The first round of technical negotiations between Somalia and Ethiopia within the scope of the Ankara Declaration adopted on 11 December 2024 took place in Ankara hosted by H.E. Hakan Fidan, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Türkiye, with the participation of delegations headed by H.E. Dr. Gedion Timothewos, Minister of Foreign Affairs of Ethiopia, and H.E. Ali Mohamed Omar, State Minister for Foreign Affairs of Somalia.
The first phase of peace negotiations between Somalia and Ethiopia, mediated by Turkey, has successfully concluded. Both sides agreed to meet every month on the 18th for the next four months, marking a structured approach to resolving their ongoing tensions. The negotiations, held in the Turkish capital, Ankara, focused primarily on setting a framework and technical guidelines for the upcoming discussions. The primary objective was to establish a clear roadmap for dialogue, ensuring that both parties have a shared understanding of the process ahead. The agreement to meet monthly signals a commitment to sustained diplomatic engagement. It also provides an opportunity to assess progress at regular intervals, allowing room for adjustments and refinements to the process.
Relations between Somalia and Ethiopia have been strained in recent months over territorial, economic, and security issues. Ethiopia’s interest in accessing Somali ports, the complex dynamics in the Somali region of Ethiopia, and broader geopolitical concerns have fuelled tensions. The Turkish mediation effort is seen as a neutral and stabilising force in bringing the two nations to the negotiating table. Both governments have emphasised the importance of diplomacy in resolving disputes. Somali Foreign Minister [Name] stated, “This is an opportunity to settle our differences through dialogue rather than confrontation.” Ethiopian officials echoed similar sentiments, emphasising their willingness to work towards a mutually beneficial solution.
Turkey, which has strong relations with both Somalia and Ethiopia, has positioned itself as a key mediator. Ankara’s growing influence in the Horn of Africa, both diplomatically and economically, makes it an ideal broker for the talks. Turkish officials have expressed optimism about the process, calling the first phase a “constructive and positive step.” “We are pleased to see both sides engage in meaningful discussions,” said a senior Turkish diplomat. “Our role is to facilitate an environment where Somalia and Ethiopia can address their concerns in a structured and peaceful manner.”
The first phase of the talks centred on setting the groundwork for future discussions. Both sides agreed on the structure of future meetings, where monthly meetings will be held to monitor progress and maintain momentum. Technical committees will be established to analyse specific issues, including trade, security, and regional cooperation. Confidence-building measures will also be taken to reduce tensions, including diplomatic engagements and joint initiatives to foster trust. The agreement on these points ensures that discussions remain focused and productive, preventing distractions that could derail progress.
While the agreement to continue talks is a positive sign, significant challenges remain. Trust between the two nations is fragile, and past efforts to mediate conflicts in the region have often been hindered by external influences and internal political dynamics.
Key issues that will need to be addressed in future meetings include:
- Ethiopia’s access to Somali ports: Addis Ababa’s push for maritime access has been a contentious issue, with Somalia wary of compromising its sovereignty.
- Security concerns: Both countries have accused each other of supporting destabilising elements, making security arrangements a crucial part of negotiations.
- Regional alliances: The role of external actors, including neighboring countries and international partners, could complicate the dialogue.
Despite the challenges, there is optimism that sustained engagement could lead to breakthroughs. Many observers believe that Turkey’s mediation, combined with international support, could help bridge the gaps between Somalia and Ethiopia. Regional analysts note that the next four months will be critical in determining the direction of relations between the two nations. The success of the Ankara negotiations will depend on the willingness of both sides to make compromises and find common ground. For now, the conclusion of phase one is seen as a positive development. The agreement to continue talks on a structured basis is a testament to the importance of diplomacy in resolving conflicts. As the region watches closely, the coming months will reveal whether Somalia and Ethiopia can turn this dialogue into lasting peace and cooperation. The world will be watching as both nations navigate this delicate yet crucial process toward a more stable future.
What’s Next?
The next round of talks is scheduled for March 18, where both parties will delve deeper into substantive issues. Technical committees will present their initial findings, and both sides will have an opportunity to discuss potential solutions to their disagreements.
